Meanwhile In The Baltic Republics And Poland...

[BansheeOne]

Mini-Reforger:

 

Armored unit deploys to Europe, draws prepositioned stocks as part of Dynamic Force Employment

 

March 19, 2019

 

WIESBADEN, Germany -

At the direction of the Secretary of Defense, the 2nd Armored Brigade Combat Team, 1st Armored Division, deployed to Europe to exercise the U.S. Armys ability to rapidly alert, recall and deploy under emergency conditions.

 

[...]

 

The 1,500 Soldiers from Fort Bliss, Texas, began arriving in Berlin today. They will now travel to Drawsko Pomorskie Training Area, Poland, where they will utilize more than 700 pieces of equipment pulled from the Army Prepositioned Stock site in Eygelshoven, Netherlands.

 

Prior to the units arrival, elements of the 21st Theater Sustainment Command prepared and transported the APS equipment to Poland via line haul and rail.

 

The 2nd ABCT, 1st AD will conduct reception and integration procedures, and live-fire training with their Polish counterparts over the next few weeks. The training will culminate with a gunnery and a combined livefire exercise. Once the exercise is complete, the unit will return to Fort Bliss and the APS equipment will return to Eygelshoven.

 

[...]

https://www.eur.army.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/1788422/

 

Meanwhile, PzGrenBtl 391 trains for the next rotation of eFP BG Lithuania in July.

 

Edited March 20, 2019 by BansheeOne

[Roman Alymov]

Photo of USAF В-52Н taken from Russian interceptor 20.03.2019 off Kaliningrad

 

More photos of this and other "visitors" here in Russian article https://bmpd.livejournal.com/3576621.html

 

Map of one of previuous flights

 

Edited March 21, 2019 by Roman Alymov

[BansheeOne]

Toward ‘Fort Trump’: US Makes Poland a ‘Serious Robust Offer’

 

Defense Undersecretary Rood visited Warsaw to negotiate a controversial permanent presence.

 

By Katie Bo Williams

Senior National Security Correspondent

 

U.S. Defense Undersecretary for Policy John Rood met Wednesday in Warsaw with Polish defense officials to negotiate a permanent presence of U.S. forces in the former Soviet satellite, a project long sought by Poland that it has pitched to the U.S. as “Fort Trump.”

 

Proposals for some kind of U.S. military facility in Poland have been around for decades, and the idea has been a subject of active discussion since Russia invaded Ukraine in 2014. In its most recent defense authorization bill, Congress ordered the Pentagon to issue a report on the possibility. But the idea failed to get any serious traction in Washington — until President Andrzej Duda met with President Trump in September, offering money and naming rights.

 

“We have come forward with what we think is a very serious robust offer and we’re working out some of the technicalities this very week, when we hope to have a solid foundation to work from having coming out of this meeting,” Katie Wheelbarger, Rood’s deputy for international affairs, told the House Armed Services Committee on Wednesday.

 

The Poles have pushed for a division-sized installation and in September offered to pay $2 billion for a base. Wheelbarger on Wednesday called the offer “very generous” — but some analysts have said it would likely fall far short of the total cost of such a base. Right now, the number of U.S. troops in Poland varies significantly from month to month, but the annual average is about 4,500. They generally belong to two groups: a rotational U.S. brigade near the German border; and a U.S.-led multinational group of 1,000 soldiers near the Suwałki gap, the sole land bridge between Poland at the Baltic countries, seen by some analysts as strategically critical.

 

Wheelbarger said that if the Polish deputy minister of national defense, Tomasz Szatkowski, accepts Rood’s offer, then the State Department would take over negotiations on the “actual technical agreement.” She suggested that it would take “probably six months to a year” for the agreement to be finalized.

But she offered no details on the specifics of the U.S. offer — including whether it hewed closer to the Polish request for a full division or something smaller and potentially more dispersed. (She also did not comment on whether it calls for a base named after the president.)

 

One person familiar with the negotiations tempered expectations that any framework agreement reached by Rood and his counterpart in Warsaw would amount to “Fort Trump.”

 

“This is more of a longer-term commitment to the type of presence that’s already in Poland, this is not a new U.S. base as some people think,” that person told Defense One.

 

A DoD spokesperson said that the negotiations will remain private until the US and Poland reach a final agreement.

 

“We continue to work together with Poland and in consultation with NATO Allies to develop a path forward for U.S. troop presence in Poland,” said Eric Pahon.

 

Although the “Fort Trump” moniker drew sniggers in both Washington and Warsaw, a permanent presence of U.S. forces in Poland is a serious, if controversial, proposal. Proponents of the move argue that it would shore up deterrence against Russia, signal a U.S. commitment to protect NATO’s vulnerable northeastern flank, and pre-position U.S. combat power in the event war did break out with Russia in the region. Critics, meanwhile, argue that it will be costly and will unnecessarily escalate tensions with Russian President Vladimir Putin. Retired Lt. Gen. Ben Hodges, a former commander of U.S. Army Europe, has also argued that it could fracture NATO cohesion if the United States unilaterally puts a permanent base in Poland.

 

“The reasons the United States has until now avoided building a permanent base in Poland remain in place, including expense, military necessity, vulnerability, and the lack of an armored division available for deployment,” Jim Townsend, deputy assistant secretary of defense for Europe and NATO under President Obama, wrote after Trump’s meeting with Duda.

 

“It is not easy to find a division to send—it has to come from somewhere, and the congressional delegation from whose state the division might be taken would fight to the last breath to keep it,” he noted.

 

Gen. Curtis Scaparrotti, Supreme Commander of Allied Forces Europe, said Wednesday that “a mix” of permanent or rotational forces would be ideal in Poland.

 

“I am perfectly content with the large forces that are rotating today. I get a ready force, I send it home ready,” he told the House panel. “Some of the enablers, et cetera, some of the headquarters—a more permanent base is helpful because of the relationships you build and the mission they have. So you’ll see a little bit of a combination there from my point of view.”

 

https://www.defenseone.com/politics/2019/03/us-official-brings-poland-serious-robust-offer-troop-presence/155529/

[Roman Alymov]

Russian MSM take from B-52 deployment

[Stuart Galbraith]

What a lot of hysterical, chest beating crap.

[Roman Alymov]

What a lot of hysterical, chest beating crap.

Let me remind you British media coverage of Russian bombers flights somewhere over Atlantic, or Kuznetsov&Co smoking their way to and back from Syria shores

 

Meanwhile Kaliningrad getting ready for warm version of cold war

[Stuart Galbraith]

Actually the UK media hardly notices it. Its hardly as if anyone really gets fired up over 100 tons of scrap flying in close formation.

[Roman Alymov]

[Roman Alymov]

B-52 approaching for landing imitation in Tallinn airport. The man who posted it was sort of unhappy of it as it came together with SMS from Gov urging citizens to start preparing stocks of candles and iodine tablets

Edited March 25, 2019 by Roman Alymov

[Roman Alymov]

Just good picture from Poland

Drogowy odcinek lotniskowy, lata 70-te. ( highway strip, Poland, years 70th. ) Rysunek 21x29.

from https://www.facebook.com/piotr.piotr.9212301/?__xts__[0]=68.ARC8CaJw4RHKZS15_TAZRnEnZSTBcXIJkFvdy101CD6ykQ5qQMe6IahmQsLX-sMp_b82IW_kD-6TQjEGo9mvKEfcl2HXK-Vnb-IV90-ahmQKjh7u39jCkhN9x3GeF6Yg3Dm8LWQmLKnODl_6nKgJme_Jm0pIdpQ_Ooqf2HRF4NzTzQVn6nZ5MLpPkUpYl1JZR44VzL67UX7ayLbZ7eUAH9q6dKYw9EX6jTcWS1-azB9YArA_LpFRoUnGY12kJs5WGiVXwSBWZan-iUn2MPXmUlwzfO8z_pPD3eVY8fb-zwUqnip7ZlmDgM4xEXF2RUXPocDClJWew2SZu5v-_dZQPJatr8R9dZC1srt0Qa1iNb9SMYkHTLpbF04&__tn__=k*F&tn-str=k*F

[carrierlost]

British helicopters deploy to Estonia

 

https://www.forces.net/news/uk-apaches-head-estonia-deterrent-russia-threat

 

 

UK Apaches Head To Estonia As Deterrent To Russia 'Threat'

A further 110 UK personnel have been deployed to the Baltics as part of Operation Cabrit, taking the total there to around 1,000.

15th April 2019 at 12:48pm

Five of the UK's Apache attack helicopters have been deployed to Estonia as a deterrent to a "very credible threat" from Russia.

Defence Secretary Gavin Williamson watched the aircraft take off from Wattisham Airfield in Suffolk.

They will form part of NATO's enhanced forward presence (eFP), which was established to deter potential aggression from the Kremlin, during their three-month deployment.

Mr Williamson, speaking at the airfield, said: "It's a very credible threat that we see from Russia and part of the reason that we're deploying five Apache attack helicopters is making sure that we're constantly adapting to a changing situation, but this is about deterrents.

"This is about NATO nations standing together in unity as one and you see Great Britain playing the largest role in enhanced forward presence with the largest number of service personnel deployed.

"The enhancement of that deployment with the Apache attack helicopters is really vital and very, very important and it's been very warmly welcomed by so many nations."

The Apaches will be supported in Estonia by Wildcat battlefield reconnaissance helicopters.

A further 110 UK personnel have been deployed to the Baltics as part of Operation Cabrit, taking the total there to around 1,000.

Major David Lambert, commanding officer of 663 Squadron, 3 Regiment Army Air Corps, said the Apaches would take part in training exercises across the Baltic states while deployed to Estonia.

One of these, called Exercise Iron Wolf and taking part in Lithuania, will involve up to 14 nations.

"Whenever you go somewhere new, there's always things that you learn about how to operate," said Maj Lambert.

"Your fieldcraft needs to change and in the UK we train very much in rolling countryside, it favours us in what we do.

"Actually putting ourselves in a really flat area in close proximity to the Russian border brings some new, complex challenges that we need to look at.

"I'm really excited by the whole prospect."

[Stuart Galbraith]

https://www.thelocal.se/20190417/inside-swedens-re-established-military-unit-on-gotland

Under an icy rain, camouflage-clad Swedish soldiers crouched behind a log pile, aimed their machine guns towards the Baltic Sea and, at their officers' barked orders, opened fire down the snow-covered range.

A few kilometres away another group wrapped in thick winter jackets, body armour and helmets fired anti-tank missiles, throwing up sprays of ice and snow behind them as instructors watched the orange rockets streak down the range. It was routine training for the young recruits based on the Baltic island of Gotland, but these troops are at the forefront of Sweden's efforts to bolster its military as Stockholm worries about Russian intentions in Europe and the Baltic.

Following the annexation of Crimea, the conflict in Ukraine, incidents of Russian military jets approaching Swedish aircraft around the Baltic and the 2014 sighting of a mystery sub – suspected to be Russian, which Moscow denied – near Stockholm, Sweden has scrambled to beef up a military that was cut back after the end of the Cold War. The Nordic nation, which has not been to war in two centuries, reintroduced limited conscription in 2017, stepped up defence spending and placed a garrison on Gotland in January 2018.

[Stuart Galbraith]

Like I said to the Bait finder General above, feel free to make a contribution at any time Bojan.

 

https://www.janes.com/article/87936/russian-mod-details-new-hardware-received-in-first-quarter

• The Russian MoD has received more than 500 new weapon systems in the first quarter of this year
• Among the deliveries are the first combat and transport/loading vehicles of the Tornado-S 300 mm MRL system

The Russian Ministry of Defence (MoD) has received more than 500 new weapon systems in the first quarter of the year, Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu announced at a joint military production acceptance day on 12 April.

“In the first quarter the MoD received approximately 500 brand new and 50 repaired weapon systems, including a Bastion mobile coastal defence system; 13 fixed-wing aircraft; 31 Mi-28, Mi-35M, and Mi-8-family rotorcraft; 540 Tigr, Ural, and KAMAZ automotive vehicles; and 48 Kalibr cruise missiles,” said Shoigu, adding that the military was also supplied with engineering hardware, communications systems, air-launched weapons, and ammunition.

[glenn239]

48 Kalibr in 3 months, so a rate production of something like 16 per month. Interesting.

[Stuart Galbraith]

Not necessarily. For all we know it took them 2 years to assemble the components, and they just completed them in the in the first quarter.

[Chris Werb]

Guys, I just deleted about three pages of off topic posts including two of my own. Please try to keep the subject matter military. We have a perfectly good FFZ if you want to start a thread on Baltic politics, ethnicity, Heads of State swallowing etc.

[KV7]

Guys, I just deleted about three pages of off topic posts including two of my own. Please try to keep the subject matter military. We have a perfectly good FFZ if you want to start a thread on Baltic politics, ethnicity, Heads of State swallowing etc.

Good.

[Roman Alymov]

244th artillery brigade in Kaliningrad upgraded from toweed Giatsint-B to 2С19М1 Msta-S SPG, with first shipment of 10 arrived back in Feb 2019

 

 

[Chris Werb]

That's more like it

[bd1]

exercise Spring storm 2019 just ended, cocentrated this year in NE estonia,

 

amongst highlights was probably Polish NSM anti-ship missile battery, which deployed by ships, transloaded to another ferry , deployed in a small island of muhu

https://twitter.com/cezarysta/status/1125812284763275264

 

and for me , estonian army used unassigned reservists to top off mobilised& regular units

 

galleries

https://www.rexfeatures.com/livefeed/2019/05/07/spring_storm_military_excercise,_estonia?#

 

Edited May 12, 2019 by bd1

[Roman Alymov]

[Roman Alymov]

Finnish article about history of infrastructure attacks in the region, also giving idea of complex relations between Soviet Russia\USSR, Finland and Baltic states

https://www.hs.fi/sunnuntai/art-2000006052331.html

 

Translated from Russian translation (https://inosmi.ru/social/20190513/245041554.html?fbclid=IwAR0bHn1KdO_qr3wH0lJ5MT_WzjYrPp_unqjS_TbNd7zAwnYse8Itmhd4i9Y), sorry for possible mistakes

 

 

There has been no mention of this in Finland: exactly a hundred years ago, Finns carried out a series of terrorist acts in St. Petersburg to destroy the whole city
The plan for intelligence officers and right activists began well when two waterworks exploded. Then the intentions were embarrassed.
Early in the morning of March 30, 1919, residents of Petrograd awoke to deafening explosions. Several bombs exploded at the Main Water Station of Petrograd and at the Petrograd Water Station.

The fire brigade and the guard soldiers began an investigation. A metal box was discovered in one of the premises of the Petrograd waterworks. When the commander of the Red Guard began to study a suspicious find, it exploded.

“Whether the bomb fell out of the hands of the commander or exploded by itself is unknown. The explosion was strong. ” So the bloody attempt was described in the newspaper "Vapaus" (Wapaus, "Freedom"), which belonged to the Finnish red, who had crossed to Petrograd.

On that March night and morning, a whole series of terrorist acts and arson attacks were carried out in the city.

What really happened?

No one seemed to know. However, the Bolshevik leadership of Petrograd and the Cheka secret police threatened those involved in the attacks with the death penalty. To the greatest shame of the Bolsheviks, the enemy was able to get into the shrine of the young socialist state, which only a year and a half ago informed the world about the good news - the Great October Socialist Revolution.

According to the old memory, white Russian generals, social revolutionaries, anarchists and secret agents of the Western powers were put on the list of suspects. However, this time it was not about them.

Finnish intelligence officers of the General Staff and radical right-wing activists united with them were responsible for a series of attacks.

Members of the secret association conducted a sabotage in Petrograd, which has become - and still is - the largest terrorist attack carried out by the Finns. It was about a series of bloody murders, a barbaric terrorist attack. Against it, the three bullets of Yevgeny Shauman, fired at Governor-General Nikolai Bobrikov, were a minor bloodshed.

Attack on Bobrikov is widely known in Finland. A series of attacks in March 1919, in turn, is forgotten. Or everyone wants to forget it.

The attacks were carried out with the help of the Finnish military intelligence, in connection with which they have not been publicized for a long time. Oblivion contributed to the fact that the attack, organized by the authorities, did not correspond to the prevailing image of the Finns. Finn can't do that, the nationalists thought.

Why did Finnish bombs explode in Petrograd? The answer is connected with the “second crazy year of Europe” - 1919. The borders of Europe and especially the borders of the old Russian empire were changing.

The views of the "enlightened world" were turned to Petrograd, for the future of which a serious struggle was fought. The red dictatorship of the Bolsheviks seemed to be in a vice. The military forces of the Finns, Western interventionists and white generals vied with each other more actively.

In this feverish situation, it was proclaimed: the first general, who can get into Petrograd, will become the head of Russia.

The First World War and the Civil War led to the devastation in the million-plus city standing on the Neva. In the spring of 1919, the catastrophe reached infernal proportions: people died like flies.
Intelligence from the General Staff of Finland was active in Petrograd. The city was located the secret offices of Finnish intelligence, which ensured that the data for its activities was sufficient.
The agents and refugees returning from the city one and all said that Petrograd was in a terrible state. In the frozen city, water pipes burst, and the cesspools were crowded, and the stench poisoned the city air. Epidemics came one after another, and more and more people were swollen from starvation on the streets.

Horrific stories inspired radical right-wing Finns. Activists wanted to be on the crest of a wave of world history and dreamed of influencing the future of Petrograd. They were united by the events of the Civil War of 1918, as well as the years spent during the First World War in the German Empire. Many went there sabotage and espionage training and for many years lived in the underground world, in the "conspiracy."

Activists occupied very strong positions in the recently independent White Finland. In 1918-1919 they managed to turn the intelligence of the General Staff of Finland into a real fort for their own secret projects.

Activists treated Russia with disdain and considered it a miserable Asian state, which has no place in Europe. They believed that while the official capital of Russia is located in the delta of the Neva, “Russianness” will be threatened by Pohjola(?).

The radical forces not only intended to prolong the suffering of the citizens of Petrograd, but also to remove the “plague Petrograd” from the road of Great Finland. In unrestrained fantasies, the “terrible city of bloody Russians” was drowned in blood or swamp.

At a secret meeting of Finnish activists in March 1919, it was decided to move to action.

The participants in the secret association justified the necessity of installing bombs by the fact that the life of red Petrograd was hanging by a thread. They wanted to create chaos in the city, not so that the white Russians would turn it into a new capital of white Russia, but so that they would voluntarily transfer the capital to Moscow or Kiev.

Eero Heikkell (Eero Heickell) received from the leadership of complete freedom of action. He was not only a long time freedom fighter, but also received training in Germany as a spy and saboteur. In 1918 he was one of the most important intelligence officers in the General Staff of Finland, and in March 1919 he was the head of the Finnish intelligence in the Estonian War of Liberation.

According to the documents preserved by activist Toivo Kaukoranta, Heikkell was able to receive 100 thousand marks from the office for a voluntary expedition to Estonia, and on March 15 he set off from Helsinki to Vyborg for weapons.

Heikkell contacted Juho Aalto, the head of the General Staff intelligence unit in Rautu village. Through a trusted person, he was able to contact several Ingermanland refugees who already knew how to solve controversial Finnish issues in Petrograd.

A few days later, Heikkell arrived in Rautu to personally prepare the Ingermanland group of 35 people. By March 23, they were all ready to perform tasks, divided into seven groups and armed with hand weapons, bombs with a timer and incendiary bottles.

The Ingermanlanders also received fake passports, tens of thousands of rubles and clear instructions on what to do in Petrograd.

Heikkell recited an order to the Ingermanlanders, seasoned with classic propaganda comparisons, which was supposed to push them into merciless acts of violence: This is the center of Russian dirt accumulation, which may soon suppress the future of Ingermanlandia and poison the life of the Ingermanland people. ”

And although the trip to Petrograd was very heavy and nervous, the groups, along with their belongings, were nevertheless secretly taken to the place by horse and train.

For conducting secret work in the center of Petrograd was allocated a separate apartment. Here, the leaders of the groups responsible for the work in different areas, held meetings, replenished weapons stocks and discussed various details.

Ingermanlanders stayed in the city for a week. At this time, they gave bribes to accomplices, figured out routes and prepared places for future arson attacks.

The goal was to undermine the two waterworks, power plants, industrial buildings and departments on the night of March 29-30. In a city without water and light hundreds of fires should have flashed. The fire was supposed to spread like lightning through the city, and firefighters could not put it out without water.

The activists clearly understood the damage that the destruction of water treatment plants in the city with a million inhabitants would bring.

The operation was prepared very carefully, but its beginning strained nerves to the limit: bombs - according to contemporaries, devilish machines - did not work as planned, and the sabotage was postponed for two hours.

The first explosion sounded at four in the morning at the Main Water Station of Petrograd. At least 500 windows flew out of the blast in the Liteiny prospect area.

The head of the preliminary investigation, Fishman, said in the newspaper Pravda that the sabotage was a consequence of the dynamite or bomb in the boiler room. The "bastards" who established them "were obviously inexperienced people who could not realize their vile plan."

After a couple of hours, a sequel followed. Now the bombs exploded at the Petrograd waterworks on Penkova street.

The Ingermanland terrorists shamefully failed one of the most important tasks: they could not de-energize the city at night, since the power station was not blown up. Specialists, selected specifically for this task, could not find each other at the appointed meeting place and refused to fulfill the plan.

Members of another Ingermanland group did not wait for the water station to explode and began to set fire to buildings earlier than planned. Fire brigades were able to partially extinguish the fire. Over time, their work became more difficult, as new fires appeared, and the water supply became weaker.

Petrograd newspapers wrote several notes about a series of explosions, the number of victims in which was very different. The leadership of Petrograd wanted to diminish and hide the losses. Finnish activists, in turn, wanted to draw more attention to the results of the terrorist war. They proudly wrote that with only one explosion of the Petrograd waterworks, 50 people were killed or injured. It was probably fictional data.

The bomb installation teams did not suffer losses in Petrograd and returned to Rauta. The Ingermanans shared the position of Heikkell and other Finnish activists that the destruction of the vital infrastructures of Petrograd must be accelerated. However, it was not possible to raise money in Helsinki for the second operation, and the terrorist cell in Rauta quickly collapsed. Most of the Ingermanland bomb installers went to Estonia to join the western Ingermanlanders there.

The terrorist activities of activists and the organization of sabotage received a new impetus in July 1919, when Lenin’s government was cornered. The political elite of Finland openly spoke of the seizure of Petrograd, and part was ready to support sabotage plans in order to achieve the main goal.

In such a promising environment, the head of state Gustaf Mannerheim and the white Russian general Nikolai Yudenich held talks in Helsinki on the future of Petrograd, but the decisive step for the start of the military operation was never taken.

The time for the activists was over.

 

 

[Yama]

'Pohjola' = 'The North'.

As is typical, the activists completely underestimated how resilient infrastructure a major city can have, thus the attacks ended up mostly as needle stings in overall scheme of things. Later on, many air commanders would make similar errors with their bomber fleets.

 

Major impediment between White Russians and emergent states like Finland was that political leaders of White Russians were unwilling to recognize new states. Finns and Estonians were not willing to shed blood for someone who saw them as separatists and Finnish president Ståhlberg broke the negotiations off. Thus Judenich proceeded into deciding battle alone, and was squashed.

 

Heickell would later Finnicize his name to Kuussaari. He became one of the most notable Finnish war historians. In 1930, he was part of the conspiracy which led to kidnapping of former president Ståhlberg, who extreme nationalists viewed as a traitor. This led to minor purge in Army and White Guard leadership, and Kuussaari was one of those who landed a jail term. He was reinstated in WW2 and fought as a brigade commander in East Karelian front, but did not make it to the general ranks.

[Roman Alymov]

'Pohjola' = 'The North'.

 

Thank you for correction.

 

 

As is typical, the activists completely underestimated how resilient infrastructure a major city can have, thus the attacks ended up mostly as needle stings in overall scheme of things. Later on, many air commanders would make similar errors with their bomber fleets.

 

Taking into account how overstretched was StPeterburg/Petrograd infrastructure following years of WWI, two revolutions and civil war, their chances for success were way bigger than for 9/11 bombers. Yes infrastructure is resilient, but only when repair workers could do their job. But if you take blowing up Crimean power lines by "activists"as example, it was enough to blow two "poles", guard them by few men with AKs to prevent Gov from repairing them, and than force political decision to cut 3rd line - and entire region was without power until new power lines brought from Russia. The same with Petrograd power and water stations: i doubt it was enough qualified workforce to fix them, especially in chaos of civil war.

[Roman Alymov]

Major impediment between White Russians and emergent states like Finland was that political leaders of White Russians were unwilling to recognize new states. Finns and Estonians were not willing to shed blood for someone who saw them as separatists and Finnish president Ståhlberg broke the negotiations off. Thus Judenich proceeded into deciding battle alone, and was squashed.

 

The same with Poles who de-facto actively participated on Red side when White side was about to prevail, as they considered Whites with their claim of recreating Rus Empire more dangerous than some Jewish commissars with crazy ideas.

For Whie Russians. "United Russia" was important idea