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https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/derinkuyu-turkey-underground-city-strange-maps

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... But in 1963, that barrier was breached for real. Taking a sledgehammer to a wall in his basement, a man in the Turkish town of Derinkuyu got more home improvement than he bargained for. Behind the wall, he found a tunnel. And that led to more tunnels, eventually connecting a multitude of halls and chambers. It was a huge underground complex, abandoned by its inhabitants and undiscovered until that fateful swing of the hammer.

The anonymous Turk—no report mentions his name—had found a vast subterranean city, up to 18 stories and 280 feet (76 meters) deep and large enough to house 20,000 people. Who built it, and why? When was it abandoned, and by whom? History and geology provide some answers.

 

 

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  • 2 months later...

https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2023/06/15/extraordinarily-well-preserved-3000-year-old-sword-unearthed-in-germany/

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A sword of the 14th century B.C. “Middle Bronze Age” — making the weapon over 3,000 years old — has been unearthed in a state of “extraordinary” preservation. According to a statement of the Bavarian State Office for Monument Protection who investigated the “very rare” find, the two-and-a-half-foot-long sword does not have signs of use but appears to have been made for practical rather than ceremonial purposes and is balanced fore-heavy to suggest it was meant for a slashing type of attack.

According to the body, the octagonal form of the sword’s hilt is typical to historical southern Germany, where it was found. Such swords are also found in the north, but it is claimed these were either imports from “wandering craftsmen” who carried their art with them, or copies of the design made locally. Swords were of an advanced type, as noted by the Monuments office: “The production of octagonal swords is complex because the handle is cast over the blade (so-called overlay casting). The decoration is made with an inlay and using hallmarks.”

 

Larger photo on following PDF file, accompanied by a bunch of unintelligible writing;

https://www.blfd.bayern.de/mam/blfd/presse/pi_bronzezeitliches_schwert.pdf

Workmanship is unbelievable for Bronze Age rattle battle. 

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6 hours ago, sunday said:

I saw an article online with the picture and I assumed it was a fake. Nice to be proved wrong.

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  • 1 month later...

Not behind a paywall, if you use the link below;

https://www.theepochtimes.com/bright/van-castle-the-ancient-fortress-built-in-the-9th-century-b-c-without-mortar-on-a-100-meter-high-cliff-5320157?src_src=goodeveningnoe&src_cmp=gv-2023-08-05&est=LBzEx%2FCbuKRW2AYBcVCpWb%2BnaL83H%2FNHVk75MANE6MK2nB6t4%2BdzTzN%2BUeusFnUp5VM%3D

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Far away from Turkey’s tourist hotspots lies the province of Van, where a massive, 3,000-year-old fortress named Tushpa, also known as Van Castle, is located. It holds the key to the secrets of an ancient kingdom.

Founded in the 9th century B.C. by the Urartians, an Iron Age civilization and the largest and first kingdom of Eastern Anatolia, Tushpa is built on a 100-meter- (328-foot-) high mass of rock, and its walls stretch out 1,250 meters (4,100 feet) in length. Within them lie some curious discoveries, according to Turkish Archaeological News (TAN).

 

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The Urartian Kingdom was at its peak under the reign of King Sarduri II, who fought off attacks from the Assyrians. His descendant King Rusa I, who ruled from 735 to 714 B.C., did not fare so well.

King Rusa I’s forces were crushed in battle by King Sargon II of Assyria, and, according to TAN, records suggest Rusa I subsequently killed himself. Following this, the kingdom of Urarta slid into decline and subsequent peoples inhabited the castle, adapting it to their own needs.

 

 

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  • 2 weeks later...

Interestingly, this result would indicate that at least South European Neolithic or Copper Age farmers did not have much hunter-gatherer heritage: probably there had not been much intermixing, or genetic influence had been 'watered down' over the millenia.

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11 minutes ago, urbanoid said:

Since it looks like most of modern day Europeans came from this 'not yet Turkey', maybe we can apply for the status of honorary Turks?

More likely, Turkey's Turks could apply for the status of honorary Anatolians. They came after Manzikert, after all.

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  • 2 weeks later...

 

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a 3D reconstruction of the capital of the Aztec Empire

The year is 1518. Mexico-Tenochtitlan, once an unassuming settlement in the middle of Lake Texcoco, now a bustling metropolis. It is the capital of an empire ruling over, and receiving tribute from, more than 5 million people. Tenochtitlan is home to 200.000 farmers, artisans, merchants, soldiers, priests and aristocrats. At this time, it is one of the largest cities in the world.

Today, we call this city Ciudad de Mexico - Mexico City.

Not much is left of the old Aztec - or Mexica - capital Tenochtitlan. What did this city, raised from the lake bed by hand, look like? Using historical and archeological sources, and the expertise of many, I have tried to faithfully bring this iconic city to life.

 

https://tenochtitlan.thomaskole.nl

Author input:

https://blenderartists.org/t/a-portrait-of-tenochtitlan/1481274

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7 hours ago, lucklucky said:

Related, one of the traditional Aztec ways to cultivate floating market gardens:

https://www.thearchaeologist.org/blog/chinampas-the-ancient-aztec-floating-gardens-that-hold-promise-for-future-urban-agriculture

Pity the lake of Mexico was a menace for the city, because of flooding, so it was drained during the Spanish times.

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