The issue with the Militias was that the States were unable and/or unwilling to maintain them (except for several Governors, on both sides, in the immediate runup to the ACW), so the "Volunteer" militias (like the NY City Guard or Mississippi Rifles), mentioned previously, were the primary nucleus for the State forces (assuming that they could be induced to cooperate). However, the Volunteer Militia seems to have been a transitory social movement, and faded out in the decades after the ACW. The resulting mess required, in the wake of the Spanish-American War, the Dick Act and the Army to essentially manage the State Militias (becoming the NGUS), with the "State Defense Forces" being left to the States (and subsequently ignored). Was it just lack of interest that killed the Volunteer units, or the increased sophistication of military units? Or something else. Falken